Journal Press India^®

Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

An essential component of using electric mobility is a battery management system (BMS), which is used to improve battery quality and guarantee safe operation. To avoid battery failure and minimise potentially dangerous situations, a monitoring system that ensures batteries function properly in the intended application is required. In terms of lifetime, the shelf storage time or calendar ageing discharge rate for primary cells is crucial because it determines how long you can keep the cell in storage before using it. For secondary or rechargeable cells, both calendar ageing and cycle ageing are of interest. The calendar ageing will show how the capacity deteriorates over time, even when the battery cell is not in use. The cycle ageing will show how many cycles the cell can produce at a particular charge and discharge rate. Before the capacity decreased to 80% of the initial Ah value when new, an energy cell would last for 1000 complete cycles and a power cell for 3000 complete cycles. The state of health (SoH) of a battery denotes its practical capacity over the course of its lifespan. It is computed as a percentage decline in comparison to its initial capacity of 100%.

Keywords

Cycle aging, Charge rate, Discharge rate, Capacity, Battery, Cycles

1. Liu, K., Li, K., Peng, Q., & Zhang, C. (2019). A brief review on key technologies in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Frontiers of mechanical engineering, 14, 47-64.
2. Kebriaei, M., Niasar, A. H. & Asaei, B. (2015). Hybrid electric vehicles: An overview. 2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), pp. 299-305. IEEE.
3. Chen, H., Cong, T. N., Yang, W., Tan, C., Li, Y., & Ding, Y. (2009). Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review. Progress in natural science, 19(3), 291-312.
4. Komarnicki, P., Lombardi, P., Styczynski, Z., Komarnicki, P., Lombardi, P., & Styczynski, Z. (2017). Electric energy storage system (pp. 37-95). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
5. Zhang, C., Wei, Y. L., Cao, P. F., & Lin, M. C. (2018). Energy storage system: Current studies on batteries and power condition system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3091-3106
6. Ali, M. U., Zafar, A., Nengroo, S. H., Hussain, S., Junaid Alvi, M., & Kim, H. J. (2019). Towards a smarter battery management system for electric vehicle applications: A critical review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation. Energies, 12(3), 446.
7. Dixit, K. K., Saxena, A. & Yadav, I. (2021). Numerical Analysis of Liquid Immersion of Panels as a Cooling Technique. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1116(1), 012074. IOP Publishing.
8. Badhoutiya, A., Chandra, S. & Goyal, S. (2020). Identification of suitable modulation scheme for boosted output in ZSI. In 2020 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), pp. 238-243. IEEE.
9. Chen, W., Liang, J., Yang, Z., & Li, G. (2019). A review of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle applications and beyond. Energy Procedia, 158, 4363-4368.
10. Braco, E., San Martin, I., Berrueta, A., Sanchis, P., & Ursúa, A. (2020). Experimental assessment of cycling ageing of lithium-ion second-life batteries from electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 32, 101695.