Journal Press India^®

Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

Indian manufacturing sector has been experiencing a sluggish growth since the last many years. The global manufacturing has undergone a paradigm shift in recent times relying on the growing network of supply chain.  In the new manufacturing system, production is largely carried out through fragmentation-based vertical specialization. Research and Development (R&D) and consequent innovations determine the competitive strength in this highly fragmented production process. Statistics reveal that India spends a meagre proportion of GNP on R&D. This paper examines the status and role of in-house industrial R & D and discusses how R&D spending can promote business innovations and entrepreneurship crucial for sustaining the growth of Indian manufacturing in the midst of changing world of manufacturing.

Keywords

Innovations, R&D, Entrepreneurship, Vertical specialisation

1. Cohen, W.M. and Levin, R.C. (1989). Empirical Studies of Innovation and Market           Structure. In R.C.Schmalense & R.Willing (eds.) Handbook of Industrial Organization,         1059- 1107, Amsterdem, Elsevier.
2. Danison, E.F. (1982). Trends in American Economic Growth, 1929-82. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution.
3. Desai,V. Ashok (1982). Technology Import Policy in the Sixties and Seventies: Changes and their Consequences, Memeo, NCAER and ICRIER, New Delhi.
4. Awasthi, D., Kashyap SP, & Yagnik, J.  (2009). Changing Sectoral Profile of Urban Economy and Implications for Urban Poor. In (eds.) India; Urban Poverty Report 2009, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. GOI. (2008). R&D Statistics, 2007-2008, Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi.
6. GOI . (2008). Eleventh Five Year Plan, 2007-12, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
7. GOI. (2011). Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth, An approach to the Twelfth Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
8. Gupta, Poonam, Hasan, Rana & Kumar, Utsav. (2010). What constraints India’s manufacturing. In Barry Eichengreen, Poonam Gupta and Ranjan Kumar (eds.) Emerging Giants: China and India in the World Economy, New York: Oxford University Press, 307-39.
9. Indiresan, P.V. (2004). Rural Development and Technology Management: Vision 2020. In S.P. Gupta (ed.) Vision 2020, GOI, New Delhi, 573-651.
10. Kochchar, Kalpana,  Kumar, Utsav, Rajan, Raghavan,  Subramaniam, Arvind & Tohalidis, Ioannis. (2006). India’s pattern of development: What happened, what follows. Journal of Monetary Economics, 53(5), 981-1019.
11. Krueger, Anne O. (2010). India’s Trade with the World: Retrospect and Prospect. In Sharkar Acharya and Rakesh Mohan (eds.), India’s Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 399-429.
12. Lall, Sanjaya (1983). Determinants of R&D in an LDC: The Indian engineering industry. Economic Letters, 379-83.
13. Lakhwinder, Singh (2001). Public policy and expenditure on R&D in industry. Economic and Political Weekly, August 4, 2920-24.
14. Mani, Sunil. (1999). Industrial R&D: What should governments do? Economic & Political Weekly, Feb.27, 34-38.
15. Mani, Sunil. (2011). National manufacturing policy: Making India a powerhouse? Economic & Political Weekly, xlvi (53).
16. Mani, Sunil. (2009). Is India becoming more innovative since 1991: Some disquieting features. Economic & Political Weekly, xliv (46).
17. Mani, Sunil. (2008). Financing of industrial Innovations in India, how effective are tax incentives for R&D. Working Paper Series No. 405, CDS, Thiruvanthapuram.
18. Nagraj, R. (2011).  Industrial Performance, 1991-2008: A Review. In D. M. Nachare (eds.) India Development Repute 2011. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 69-80.
19. Panagriya, Arvind. (2008). India: The Emerging Giant, New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Raut, L.K.(1985). R&.D Behaviour of Indian Firms: A Stochastic Control Model. In Three Essays on Inter-temporal Economic Development. Unpublished PH.D. Dissertation. Yale University, New Haven, CT.
21. Sankalpa, Bhattachargee and Debkumar, Chakrabarti. (2013). Financial Liberalisation, Financing Constraints and India’s Manufacturing Sector. Economic and Political Weekly, Feb.9, 61-67.
22. Veeramani, C. (2013). The ‘Miracle’ still waiting to happen: Performance of India’s Manufactured Exports in Comparison to China. In S.Mahendra Dev (eds.) India Development Report, 2012-2013, IGDRI, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,132-50.
23. Weiss, John. (2011). Economics of Industrial Development, London & New York:Routledge.
24. Wesley, M. Cohen & Levinthal, Daniel A.  (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35:1,128-52.