Journal Press India®

An Analytical Study of Success factors of Women Entrepreneurship in India using One-way ANOVA

Vol 9 , Issue 2 , July - December 2022 | Pages: 41-65 | Research Paper  

 
Article has been added to the cart.View Cart (0)
https://doi.org/10.17492/jpi.pragati.v9i2.922203


Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

1. * Nupur Research Scholar, Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (kuharnupur9404@gmail.com)
2. V Shunmugasundaram, Professor, Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (sundaram@bhu.ac.in)

Women’s development is central to nation-building. The study attempts to find out the impact of age, marital status, educational qualification, ownership type, community, access to finance, and location of the enterprise on the success factors of women entrepreneurs in India. A total of 384 women entrepreneurs were chosen as the sample size. The One-way ANOVA test was utilized to examine the impact on success factors of women entrepreneurs in India. The results revealed that four out of seven have a significant impact on the success factors of women entrepreneurs which are location, community, access to finance, and ownership type. This research contributes to the literature on factors related to women entrepreneurs in India which will help future policymakers and academicians with the study.

Keywords

Success Factors; Women Entrepreneurs; One-way ANOVA; Entrepreneurship; India

  1. Adom, K. & Asare-Yeboa, I. (2016). An evaluation of human capital theory and female entrepreneurship in sub-Sahara Africa: some evidence from Ghana. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 402-423.
  2. Adom, K. (2015). Recognizing the contribution of female entrepreneurs in economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: some evidence from Ghana. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 1-24. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1142/S108494671550003X
  3. Adom, K., & Anambane, G. (2019). Understanding the role of culture and gender stereotypes in women entrepreneurship through the lens of the stereotype threat theory. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(1), 100–124. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2018-0070.
  4. Afza, T. R. M. A. (2009). Marginalized women’s social well-being through enterprise development. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 1(3), 248–267. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17561390910999533
  5. Agarwal, K., & Panchal, I. (2020). A cross sectional analysis of women entrepreneurship development programmes in Rajasthan. India: Shodhganga.
  6. Agarwal, S., & Lenka, U. (2015). Study on work-life balance of women entrepreneurs – review and research agenda. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(7), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-01-2015-0006.
  7. Agarwal, S., Agrawal, V., & Agrawal, A. M. (2018). Motivational and success factors: Through the lens of women entrepreneurship. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 17(4), 307–328.
  8. Agarwal, S., Lenka, U., Singh, K., Agrawal, V., & Agrawal, A. M. (2020). A qualitative approach towards crucial factors for sustainable development of women social entrepreneurship: Indian cases. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 123135.
  9. Aidis, R. & Weeks, J. (2016). Mapping the gendered ecosystem: The evolution of measurement tools for comparative high-impact female entrepreneur development. Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 330-352. Retrieved from https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-12-2015-0044.
  10. Aidis, R. (2006). Laws and customs: Entrepreneurship, institutions, and gender during the economic transition, transition. SSEES Occasional Book Series, University College London.
  11. Aidis, R., Weeks, J., & Anacker, K. (2015). Global women entrepreneur leaders scorecard: Data and methodology. Retrieved from www.dell.com/learn/us/en/vn/corporatesecureen/documents2015-gwel-scorecard-methodology-and-indicators.pdf
  12. Aidis, R., Weeks, J., Szerb, L., Acs, Z. & Lloyd, A. (2013). The gender-global entrepreneurship and development index (GEDI) report of findings, The GEDI Institute. Retrieved from https://tind.wipo.int/record/44315 (Relations, 2018)
  13. Alam, S. S., Jani, M. F. M., & Omar, N. A. (2011). An empirical study of success factors of women entrepreneurs in Southern region in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(2), 166–175. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v3n2p166.
  14. Badi, R. V., & Badi, N. V., (2009). Entrepreneurship. Vrinda Publications, p.13-14.
  15. Baughn, C., Chu, B. & Neupert, K. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: A multicountry study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687–708. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00142.x.
  16. Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Bove, R. (2005). The motivation, problems, and perceived success of entrepreneurs in Romania. Journal of the Academy of Business Administration, 10(1/2), 73-88.
  17. Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations, success factors, and problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(1), 58–91. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2008.00262.x.
  18. Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Szabo, B. (2005). Hungarian and Romanian entrepreneurs in Romania-motivations, problems, and differences. Journal of Global Business, 32, 60-77.
  19. Busch, E. T. (1989). Small business hurdles in Ecuador. Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 70–73.
  20. Chu, H. M., Benzing, C., & Mcgee, C. (2007). Ghanaian and Kenyan entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of their motivations, success characteristics, and problems. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 295-322. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946707000691.
  21. Chu, H. M., Kara, O., Zhu, X., & Gok, K. (2011). Chinese entrepreneurs. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 84–111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17561391111144546.
  22. Cochran, T. (1965). The entrepreneur in economic change. Exploration in Entrepreneurial History, Fall, pp.25-37.
  23. Cole, A. H. (1959). Business enterprises in its social setting. Cambridge; Harvard University Press, p.44.
  24. Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric statistics: A step-by-step approach. John Wiley & Sons.
  25. Covin, J. G., & T. J. Covin (1990). Competitive aggressiveness, environmental context and small firm performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(4), 35–50.
  26. Covin, J., G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75–87. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107.
  27. Coy, S. P., Shipley, M. F. & Rao, N.A. (2007). Factors contributory to success: a study of Pakistan’s small business owners. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946707000617.
  28. Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., & Covin, J. G. (1997). Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance: Tests of contingency and configurational models. Strategic Management Journal, 18(9), 677–695. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199710)18:9<677::aid-smj905>3.3.co;2-h.
  29. Ethigie, B. O., & Umoren, U. E. (2003). Psychological factors influencing perceived entrepreneurial success among Nigerian women in small-scale businesses. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 5(1), 78–95.
  30. Fatima, U., Ahad, A., Saeed, R., & Riaz, M. U. (2021). Factors affecting women entrepreneurship and its impact on SMEs development. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change.
  31. Frese, M., Brantjes, A., & Hoorn, R. (2002). Psychological success factors of small-scale businesses in Namibia: The roles of strategy process, entrepreneurial orientation and the environment. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 259–282.
  32. Ghouse, A. R. (1993). A study of the effects of government intervention on the ethnic distribution of employment in Malaysia. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
  33. Ghouse, S. M., McElwee, G., & Durrah, O. (2019). Entrepreneurial success of cottage-based women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(3), 480–498. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2018-0691.
  34. Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
  35. Gok, K., Kara, O., Lakshman, S., Demirtas, O., & Chu, H. M. (2021). A factor analysis of the entrepreneurial success, motivation and problems faced: The case of Chinese entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, 7(2), 165–193. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/23939575211019591.
  36. Griffiths, M. D., Gundry, L. K., & Kickul, J. R. (2013). The socio-political, economic, and cultural determinants of social entrepreneurship activity: An empirical examination. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(2), 341–357.
  37. Griffiths, M. D., Gundry, L. K., & Kickul, J. R. (2013). The socio-political, economic, and cultural determinants of social entrepreneurship activity: An empirical examination. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(2), 341–357.
  38. Guled, N. S., & Kaplan, B. (2018). Factors influencing women entrepreneurs’business success in Somalia. Research in Business and Management, 5(1), 13. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5296/rbm.v5i1.12341
  39. Gupta, C. B. & Srinivasan, N. P. (2010). Entrepreneurship development. New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons.
  40. Hagen, E. E. (1968). The Economics of Development. Ed. Dorsey. Hommewood, Ill.
  41. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Uppersaddle River. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed) Upper Saddle River, 5(3), 207-219.
  42. Hakim, C. (2003). A new approach to explaining fertility patterns: Preference theory. Population and Development Review, 29(3), 349-374. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00349.x
  43. Harris, J. R. (1970). Some problems in identifying the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. The Nigerian Case. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, Spring., 347-369.
  44. Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. G. 1985. Women and minority entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis. In Frontiers of Entrepreneurial Research 1985. Cambridge, MA: Babson College, pp. 566-586.
  45. Hodgkinson, G. P. (2001). The psychology of strategic management: Diversity and cognition revisited. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 16, 65-120.
  46. Hoselitz, B. F. (1964). A sociological approach to economic development. In D. Cack & R. Lekachman (ed.), Development and Society, New York, 1964.
  47. Huck, J. F., & McEwen, T. (1991). Competencies needed for small business success: perception of Jamaican entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(4), 90–93.
  48. Hung, C. M., & Katsioloudes, M. (2001). Cultural context in the Vietnamese-American entrepreneurial experience. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 7(2), 37-46. Retrieved from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J130v07n02_04.
  49. Hung, C. M., & Katsioloudes, M. I. (2002). Cultural context and the Vietnamese American entrepreneurial experience. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 7(2), 37–46.
  50. Jennings, J. & Brush, C. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663-715. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2013.782190.
  51. Kanayo, O., & Van Rensburg, N. (2020). Determinants of business success factors for urban based female entrepreneurs in South Africa. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26(3), 1–19.
  52. Kao, J. & Stevensons, H. (1984). Entrepreneurship: What is and how to teach it, Division of Research. Harvard Business School.
  53. Katekhaye, D., Meyer, N., & Magda, R. (2019). Entrepreneurial core motivation as a success factor for rural entrepreneurship in western India. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 19(2), 218–230.
  54. Kilby, P. (1971). Entrepreneurship and economic development.
  55. Knorr, H. (2011). From top management to entrepreneurship: women’s next move? International Journal of Manpower, 32(1), 99-116. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721111121251.
  56. Koop, S., De Reu, T. & Frese, M. (2000). Socio-demographic factors, entrepreneurial orientation, personal initiative and environmental problems in Uganda, in Success and Failure of Microbusiness Owners in Africa: A Psychological Approach. Ed. M. Frese. Westport, CT: Quorum.
  57. Kozan, M. K., Öksoy, D., & Özsoy, O. (2006). Growth plans of small businesses in Turkey: Individual and environmental influences. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(1), 114–129. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2006.00157.x.
  58. Kunkel, J. H. (April 1965). Values and behaviour in economic development. Economic Development and Cultural Change, pp. 256-277.
  59. Landstrom, H. (1999). The roots of entrepreneurship research. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 9-20.
  60. Lee-Gosselin, H. & Grise, J. (1990). Are women owner-managers challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth study. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(4-5), 423-433. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380341.
  61. Leszczyński, D. (2016). Exploration of key success factors that influence business performance: The experiences of women micro-entrepreneurs from Mazovia Voivodeship of Poland. International Journal of Management and Economics, 51, 63–89.
  62. Liao, D., & Sohmen, P. (2001). The development of modern entrepreneurship in China. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 1(1), 27-33.
  63. Liao, D., & Sohmen, P. (2001). The development of modern entrepreneurship in China. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 1(1), 27-33.
  64. Lokeswara, M. R. & C. Y. (2013). Entrepreneurial barriers and success factors of women in utility service businesses. International Journal of Management (IJM), 4(2), 310–320.
  65. LoMonaco-Benzing, R. (2018). A sharing economy beyond the consumer: An exploration of micro-retail sharing enterprises (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri--Columbia).
  66. Lounsbury, M. & Glynn, A.M. (2001). Cultural entrepreneurship: stories, legitimacy and the acquisition of resources. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6/7), 545-564.
  67. Madichie, N. O. & Gallant, M. (2012). Broken silence: A commentary on women’s entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 13(2), 81-92. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0071.
  68. Malhotra, N. K. & Dash, S. (2015). Marketing research: An applied orientation (7th Edition). Pearson: India.
  69. Malhotra, N. K. (2016). Structural equation modeling and path analysis. In Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation.
  70. Mandipaka, F. (2014). Overview of women entrepreneurs in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(9), 127–130. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n9p127.
  71. Manjunatha, K. (2013. The rural women entrepreneurial problems. Journal of Business and Management, 14(4), 18-21.
  72. Masurel, E. & Smit, H. (2000). Planning behavior of small firms in central Vietnam. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(2), 96-102.
  73. McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achieving society. New York: The Free Press.
  74. National Library (2022). Eye on Asia. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://www.eyeonasia.gov.sg/india/know/selected-india-states/haryana-profile/
  75. Neshamba, F. (2000). Growth and trans-formation among small business in Kenya. Nottingham, UK: The Notting- ham Trent University, 1–29.
  76. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1967). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York.
  77. Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2011). Successful entrepreneurship as developmental outcome: A path model from a lifespan perspective of human development. European Psychologist, 16(3), 174–186. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000075.
  78. Papanek, G. F. (May 1952). The development of entrepreneurship. The American Economic Review, pp.46-58.
  79. Parwez, S. (2017). Community-based entrepreneurship: Evidences from a retail case study. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-017-0074-z.
  80. Philip, D. M. (2010). Factors affecting business success of small & medium enterprises (SMES). APJRBM, 1(2).
  81. Pistrui, D., Welsch, H. P., & Roberts, J. S. (1997). The [re]-emergence of family businesses in the transforming soviet bloc: Family contributions to entrepreneurship development in Romania. Family Business Review, 10(3), 221–238. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00221.x.
  82. Pratt, V. (2001). Sharing business skills in Kenya. Center for International Private Enterprise. Washington DC.
  83. Rajeshwari, D., & Singh, B. (2015). Status of women in Haryana a spatio-temporal study. Eastern Geographer, 503-512.
  84. Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (1998). A contingency approach to small scale business success: A longitudinal study on the effects of environmental hostility and uncertainty on the relationship between planning and success. In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Eds. P. D. Reynolds, W. D. Bygrave, N. M. Carter, et al. Babson Park, MA: Babson College Press.
  85. Rehman, S., & Roomi, M. A. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: A phenomenological study of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(2), 209–228. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211223865.
  86. Rudhumbu, N., du Plessis, E. (Elize), & Maphosa, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Botswana: revisiting the role of entrepreneurship education. Journal of International Education in Business, 13(2), 183–201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-12-2019-0058.
  87. Say, J. B. (1803). A treatise on political economy, (3rd US Edition). Philadelphia: John Grigg.
  88. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press.
  89. Singh, G., Ahluwalia, A. K., & Aggarwal, S. (2013). Strategic management and entrepreneurship. Delhi: Alfa Publications.
  90. Soomro, B. A., Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Shah, N. (2019). The influence of demographic factors on the business success of entrepreneurs: An empirical study from the small and Medium-Sized Enterprises context of Pakistan. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 23(2), 1–12.
  91. Stakes, R. G.  (July 1974). The Afrikner industrial entrepreneur and Afrikner Nationalism. Economic Development and Cultural Change, pp.557-559.
  92. Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford University Press, USA.
  93. Trusić, A., Fosić, I., & Kristić, J. (2017). Motivational factors: Drivers behind women entrepreneurs’ decision to start an entrepreneurial venture in Croatia. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 64(3), 339–357.
  94. Tsui, A. S., Farh, J. L., & Xin, K. R. (2000). Guanxi in the Chinese context. In Management and organizations in the Chinese context (pp. 225-244). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  95. United Nations (2015). UN department of economic and social affairs. Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/goals
  96. Vickers, A. J. (2005). Parametric versus non-parametric statistics in the analysis of randomized trials with non-normally distributed data. BMC medical research methodology, 5(1), 1-12.
  97. WEF. (2022). World economic forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/reports/ global-gender-gap-report-2022/?DAG=3&gclid=CjwKCAiAheacBhB8EiwAItVO20fOp Yc9Dm3qEUUML4uw7z2nlR7y6t8CHnRtvV3URz9a6V5usRyjCBoCQA0QAvD_BwE
  98. Women's Workplace Equality Index (2022). https://www.cfr.org/legal-barriers/country-rankings/
  99. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2021). Global innovation index 2021. In World Intellectual Property Organization (Issue 14th Edition).
  100. Yusuf, A. (1995). Critical success factors for small business: Perceptions of South Pacific Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(2), 68–74.
Abstract Views: 16
PDF Views: 9

By continuing to use this website, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy.